Vertex

There are many pentagons and hexagons in a soccer ball. Now, let’s calculate them.

Euler’s formula

On polyhedron, the following equation is valid.

(vertex count) – (edge count) + (face count) = 2

The proof of Euler’s formula is written on Think about Euler’s Formula on Polyhedron.

Now, using this formula, calculate the number of pentagons and hexagons. ( I calculated faces, etc. without Euler’s Equation on Soccer Ball and Regular Polyhedron . )

Calculate

Define $ m $ as the number of pentagons, and $ n $ as one of hexagons.

On soccer ball, one vertex is common in 3 planes. So, the number of vertexes on a soccer ball is expressed as $\frac{5m + 6n}{3}$, the number of edges is $\frac{5m + 6n}{2}$, the number of faces is $m + n$ .

According to Euler’s formula, the following equation is valid.

$$ \frac{5m + 6n}{3} – \frac{5m + 6n}{2} + m + n = 2 $$

Now, calculate the above equation and get the value of $ m $ .

$$ m = 12 . $$

On a soccer ball, one pentagon neighbors 5 hexagons, and one hexagons neighbors 3 pentagons. Then, ( n ) is calculated as the following.

$$ n = \frac{5 m}{3} = \frac{5 \times 12}{3} = 20 . $$

From the above, the number of hexagons is 10, and the number of pentagons is 20.

You can calculate them with Descartes theorem. I wrote it on Proof of Descartes Theorem.